--- title: In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for… — Ireland · tree and pragmatics description: In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. Who acts: research, Beaker culture immigrants, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/61/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Ireland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/) / 61 # Ireland, sentence 61 From Wikipedia, [«Ireland»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. **Who acts:** research, Beaker culture immigrants, speakers · **What happens:** show, eliminate, carry, be, believe, originate · **To what, where:** 2012, occurrence, R1b marker, 2,500, Iberia · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ireland». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (research, Beaker culture immigrants, speakers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Ireland:61 # text = In 2012, research showed that the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers was almost eliminated by Beaker-culture immigrants: they carried what was then a new Y-chromosome R1b marker, believed to have originated in Iberia about 2,500 BC. 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 2012 2012 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 research research NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 that that SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 occurrence occurrence NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 genetic genetic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 markers marker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 earliest early ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 15 amod _ _ 15 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 16 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 17 almost almost ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 eliminated eliminate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 ccomp _ _ 19 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 20 Beaker Beaker PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 21 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 culture culture NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 immigrants immigrant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 24 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 27 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 36 nsubj _ _ 28 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 29 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 36 advmod _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 31 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 32 Y y NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 chromosome chromosome NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 35 R1b R1b PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 marker marker NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 38 believed believe VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 36 acl _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 40 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 41 aux _ _ 41 originated originate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 38 xcomp _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 Iberia Iberia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 44 about about ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 45 2,500 2500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 obl _ _ 46 BC BC PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 nmod:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | past | research | | | 2012 | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **eliminate** | past · passive | Beaker culture immigrants | the occurrence of genetic markers for the earliest farmers | | | | almost *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 3 | **carry** | past | speakers *= speaker* | | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | past | | R1b marker | | | then | what *nsubj*; a new Y chromosome *nsubj* | tree rules | | 5 | **believe** | participle | | R1b marker *not said here* | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 6 | **originate** | to-infinitive · perfect | | 2,500 BC | | Iberia | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ireland», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 60](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/60/) - next →: [sentence 62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/62/) - ↑ back to [Ireland](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Ireland/)