---
title: Until 2018, Arabic was also an official language; in 2018 it was dow… — Israel · tree and pragmatics
description: Until 2018, Arabic was also an official language; in 2018 it was downgraded to having a "special status in the state". Who acts: Arabic. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Israel» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Israel, sentence 582

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From Wikipedia, [«Israel»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Until 2018, Arabic was also an official language; in 2018 it was downgraded to having a "special status in the state".

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**Who acts:** Arabic · **What happens:** be, downgrade, have · **To what, where:** official language, language, 2018, special status, state

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Israel». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabic), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Israel:582
# text = Until 2018, Arabic was also an official language; in 2018 it was downgraded to having a "special status in the state".
1	Until	until	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	obl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	downgraded	downgrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
16	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	status	status	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Arabic | a official language |  |  | until 2018 |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **downgrade** | past · passive |  | language |  | 2018 |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | gerund |  | a special status |  | the state |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent status=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Israel», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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