---
title: During the High Renaissance, popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fou… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: During the High Renaissance, popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fought for control of Italy against foreign monarchs; Paul III (1534–1549) preferred to mediate between the European powers to secure peace. Who acts: popes, Paul. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Italy, sentence 107

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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During the High Renaissance, popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fought for control of Italy against foreign monarchs; Paul III (1534–1549) preferred to mediate between the European powers to secure peace.

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**Who acts:** popes, Paul · **What happens:** fight, prefer, secure · **To what, where:** peace

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (popes, Paul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:107
# text = During the High Renaissance, popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fought for control of Italy against foreign monarchs; Paul III (1534–1549) preferred to mediate between the European powers to secure peace.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	popes	pope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	Julius	Julius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	II	II	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	9	flat	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	1503	1503	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	1513	1513	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
16	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	against	against	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	monarchs	monarch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
25	Paul	Paul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
26	III	III	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	25	flat	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	1534	1534	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	25	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	30	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	1549	1549	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	_
32	preferred	prefer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	mediate	mediate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	obl	_	_
35	between	between	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
39	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
40	secure	secure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
41	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | popes such Julius |  |  |  | during the High Renaissance | for control of Italy against foreign monarchs | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **prefer** | past | Paul |  |  |  |  | to mediate; between the European powers | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **secure** | to-infinitive | Paul *not said here* | peace |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition peace=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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