--- title: The fauna of Italy includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which incl… — Italy · tree and pragmatics description: The fauna of Italy includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which include the Sardinian long-eared bat, Sardinian red deer, spectacled salamander, brown cave salamander, Italian newt, Italian frog, Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Italian wall lizard, and Sicilian pond turtle. Who acts: fauna, 4,777 ende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/245/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Italy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/) / 245 # Italy, sentence 245 From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. The fauna of Italy includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which include the Sardinian long-eared bat, Sardinian red deer, spectacled salamander, brown cave salamander, Italian newt, Italian frog, Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Italian wall lizard, and Sicilian pond turtle. **Who acts:** fauna, 4,777 endemic animal species, Sardinian, Apennine · **What happens:** include, bat, belly, toad · **To what, where:** 4,777 endemic animal species This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fauna, 4,777 endemic animal species, Sardinian, Apennine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:245 # text = The fauna of Italy includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which include the Sardinian long-eared bat, Sardinian red deer, spectacled salamander, brown cave salamander, Italian newt, Italian frog, Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Italian wall lizard, and Sicilian pond turtle. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fauna fauna NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Italy Italy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 includes include VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 4,777 4,777 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 7 endemic endemic NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 8 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 species species NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 include include VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 14 Sardinian Sardinian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 15 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 eared eared ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 Sardinian Sardinian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 21 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 deer deer NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 spectacled spectacled ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 salamander salamander NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 28 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 salamander salamander NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 newt newt NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 34 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 37 Apennine Apennine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 38 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 38 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 40 bellied belly VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 41 amod _ _ 41 toad toad NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 44 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 lizard lizard NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 48 Sicilian Sicilian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 50 amod _ _ 49 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 compound _ _ 50 turtle turtle NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **include** | present | the fauna of Italy | 4,777 endemic animal species and Sicilian pond turtle | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Theme | | 2 | **include** | present | 4,777 endemic animal species and Sicilian pond turtle | | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **bat** | | Sardinian | | | | | Sardinian red deer *conj*; brown cave salamander *parataxis* | tree rules | | 4 | **belly** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **toad** | | Apennine | | | | | Italian wall lizard *conj* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 244](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/244/) - next →: [sentence 246](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/246/) - ↑ back to [Italy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Italy/)