---
title: Italy has 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies, which include… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: Italy has 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies, which include Sicilian fir, Barbaricina columbine, Sea marigold, Lavender cotton, and Ucriana violet. Who acts: Italy, 1,371 endemic plant species. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Italy, sentence 249

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Italy has 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies, which include Sicilian fir, Barbaricina columbine, Sea marigold, Lavender cotton, and Ucriana violet.

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**Who acts:** Italy, 1,371 endemic plant species · **What happens:** have, include · **To what, where:** 1,371 endemic plant species, Sicilian fir

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Italy, 1,371 endemic plant species), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:249
# text = Italy has 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies, which include Sicilian fir, Barbaricina columbine, Sea marigold, Lavender cotton, and Ucriana violet.
1	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	1,371	1,371	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
4	endemic	endemic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	subspecies	subspecies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	Sicilian	Sicilian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	Barbaricina	Barbaricina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	columbine	columbine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	marigold	marigold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	Lavender	lavender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	Ucriana	Ucriana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	violet	violet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Italy | 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies |  |  |  | Ucriana violet *conj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Patient |
| 2 | **include** | present | 1,371 endemic plant species and subspecies | Sicilian fir and Barbaricina columbine and Sea marigold and Lavender cotton |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fir=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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