---
title: Its closest trade ties are with other EU countries, and its largest… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: Its closest trade ties are with other EU countries, and its largest export partners in 2019 were Germany (12%), France (11%), and the US (10%). Who acts: closest trade ties. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Italy, sentence 373

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Its closest trade ties are with other EU countries, and its largest export partners in 2019 were Germany (12%), France (11%), and the US (10%).

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**Who acts:** closest trade ties · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** Germany

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (closest trade ties), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:373
# text = Its closest trade ties are with other EU countries, and its largest export partners in 2019 were Germany (12%), France (11%), and the US (10%).
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	amod	_	_
3	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	EU	EU	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
13	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	15	amod	_	_
14	export	export	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	partners	partner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	2019	2019	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	19	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
34	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	33	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | exporter's closest trade ties |  |  |  |  | with other EU countries and exporter's largest export partners in 2019; exporter's largest export partners in 2019 *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | Germany and France and the US |  |  |  | France *conj*; the US *conj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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