---
title: Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending produced a severe rise in public debt, which stood at over 132% of GDP in 2017; the second highest in the EU, after Greece. Who acts: Political efforts, public debt. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pra
---

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# Italy, sentence 388

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending produced a severe rise in public debt, which stood at over 132% of GDP in 2017; the second highest in the EU, after Greece.

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**Who acts:** Political efforts, public debt · **What happens:** revive, produce, stand · **To what, where:** growth, severe rise, public debt, 2017

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Political efforts, public debt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:388
# text = Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending produced a severe rise in public debt, which stood at over 132% of GDP in 2017; the second highest in the EU, after Greece.
1	Political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	revive	revive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	produced	produce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	over	over	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	132	132	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	GDP	GDP	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	2017	2017	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	31	amod	_	_
31	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	advcl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	EU	EU	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	after	after	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Greece	Greece	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revive** | to-infinitive | Political efforts *not said here* | growth |  |  |  | with massive government spending | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent growth=Patient with spending=Instrument |
| 2 | **produce** | past | Political efforts | a severe rise |  | public debt | after Greece |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rise=Result |
| 3 | **stand** | past | public debt |  |  | 2017 |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at %=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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