---
title: Artists such as Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Tintoretto, Sandro Botticel… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: Artists such as Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Tintoretto, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian took painting to a higher level through the use of perspective. Who acts: Artists. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Italy, sentence 545

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Artists such as Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Tintoretto, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian took painting to a higher level through the use of perspective.

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**Who acts:** Artists · **What happens:** take, paint, use · **To what, where:** use, perspective

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Artists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:545
# text = Artists such as Masaccio, Filippo Lippi, Tintoretto, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian took painting to a higher level through the use of perspective.
1	Artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	Masaccio	Masaccio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Filippo	Filippo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	Lippi	Lippi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Tintoretto	Tintoretto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Sandro	Sandro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	Botticelli	Botticelli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Leonardo	Leonardo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
15	da	Da	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	Vinci	Vinci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Michelangelo	Michelangelo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Raphael	Raphael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Titian	titian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
24	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	painting	paint	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	xcomp	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	29	amod	_	_
29	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
30	through	through	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	perspective	perspective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Artists such Masaccio and Filippo and Tintoretto and Sandro and Leonardo and Michelangelo and Raphael |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 2 | **paint** | gerund | Artists such Masaccio and Filippo and Tintoretto and Sandro and Leonardo and Michelangelo and Raphael *not said here* |  |  | the use of perspective |  | to a higher level | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent through use=Destination |
| 3 | **use** |  |  | perspective |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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