---
title: In the 19th century, Romantic painters included Francesco Hayez and… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 19th century, Romantic painters included Francesco Hayez and Francesco Podesti. Who acts: Romantic painters. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Italy, sentence 553

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the 19th century, Romantic painters included Francesco Hayez and Francesco Podesti.

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**Who acts:** Romantic painters · **What happens:** include · **To what, where:** Francesco

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Romantic painters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:553
# text = In the 19th century, Romantic painters included Francesco Hayez and Francesco Podesti.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	19th	19th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Romantic	romantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	painters	painter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	included	include	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Francesco	Francesco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	Hayez	Hayez	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	Francesco	Francesco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	Podesti	Podesti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | past | Romantic painters | Francesco and Francesco |  |  | century |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent francesco=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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