---
title: In 1176, the Lombard League of city-states defeated Holy Roman Emper… — Italy · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1176, the Lombard League of city-states defeated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ensuring their independence. Who acts: Lombard League. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Italy» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Italy, sentence 77

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From Wikipedia, [«Italy»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 1176, the Lombard League of city-states defeated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ensuring their independence.

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**Who acts:** Lombard League · **What happens:** defeat, ensure · **To what, where:** Holy Emperor Frederick, 1176, independence

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Italy». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lombard League), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Italy:77
# text = In 1176, the Lombard League of city-states defeated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, ensuring their independence.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1176	1176	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Lombard	Lombard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	League	League	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Holy	Holy	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	Roman	Roman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	Emperor	Emperor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Frederick	Frederick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	Barbarossa	Barbarossa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	ensuring	ensure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defeat** | past | the Lombard League of city states | Holy Emperor Frederick |  | 1176 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ensure** | gerund | the Lombard League of city states *not said here* | state's independence |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition independence=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Italy», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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