---
title: As a result, French citizens owned one-third of the cocoa, coffee, a… — Ivory Coast · tree and pragmatics
description: As a result, French citizens owned one-third of the cocoa, coffee, and banana plantations and adopted the local forced-labour system. Who acts: French citizens. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ivory Coast» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Ivory Coast, sentence 105

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From Wikipedia, [«Ivory Coast»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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As a result, French citizens owned one-third of the cocoa, coffee, and banana plantations and adopted the local forced-labour system.

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**Who acts:** French citizens · **What happens:** own, adopt, force · **To what, where:** one third, local labour system

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ivory Coast». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French citizens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ivory_Coast:105
# text = As a result, French citizens owned one-third of the cocoa, coffee, and banana plantations and adopted the local forced-labour system.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	owned	own	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	third	third	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cocoa	cocoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	banana	banana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
23	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
24	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | past | French citizens | one third of the cocoa and coffee and banana plantations |  |  |  | as a result | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot third=Theme |
| 2 | **adopt** | past | French citizens *not said here* | the local labour system |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Theme |
| 3 | **force** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ivory Coast», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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