---
title: Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Kenya were exceptions as their rulers were… — Ivory Coast · tree and pragmatics
description: Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Kenya were exceptions as their rulers were themselves large cash-crop producers, and the newly independent countries desisted from imposing penal rates of taxation on exported agriculture. Who acts: Ivory Coast, independent countries. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ivory Coast»
---

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# Ivory Coast, sentence 353

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From Wikipedia, [«Ivory Coast»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Kenya were exceptions as their rulers were themselves large cash-crop producers, and the newly independent countries desisted from imposing penal rates of taxation on exported agriculture.

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**Who acts:** Ivory Coast, independent countries · **What happens:** be, desist, export · **To what, where:** exceptions, imposing penal rates

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ivory Coast». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ivory Coast, independent countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ivory_Coast:353
# text = Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Kenya were exceptions as their rulers were themselves large cash-crop producers, and the newly independent countries desisted from imposing penal rates of taxation on exported agriculture.
1	Ivory	ivory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Coast	Coast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Nigeria	Nigeria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	exceptions	exception	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
16	cash	cash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	producers	producer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	desisted	desist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	imposing	imposing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	penal	penal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	taxation	taxation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	exported	export	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	amod	_	_
35	agriculture	agriculture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Ivory Coast and Nigeria and Kenya | exceptions |  |  |  | as exceptions's rulers | tree rules |
| 2 | **desist** | participle | the independent countries |  |  | imposing penal rates of taxation on exported agriculture |  |  | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from rate=Eventuality |
| 3 | **export** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ivory Coast», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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