---
title: The first West African French settlement, Saint-Louis, was founded i… — Ivory Coast · tree and pragmatics
description: The first West African French settlement, Saint-Louis, was founded in the mid-17th century in Senegal, while at about the same time, the Dutch ceded to the French a settlement at Gorée Island, off Dakar. Who acts: West, Dutch. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Ivory Coast» with its dependency tree and prag
---

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# Ivory Coast, sentence 77

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From Wikipedia, [«Ivory Coast»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The first West African French settlement, Saint-Louis, was founded in the mid-17th century in Senegal, while at about the same time, the Dutch ceded to the French a settlement at Gorée Island, off Dakar.

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**Who acts:** West, Dutch · **What happens:** settlement, found, cede · **To what, where:** first African French settlement, French settlement

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Ivory Coast». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (West, Dutch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Ivory_Coast:77
# text = The first West African French settlement, Saint-Louis, was founded in the mid-17th century in Senegal, while at about the same time, the Dutch ceded to the French a settlement at Gorée Island, off Dakar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
3	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	mid-17th	mid-17th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	17	amod	_	_
17	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Senegal	Senegal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
21	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	about	about	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	Dutch	Dutch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	ceded	cede	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	settlement	settlement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	Gorée	Gorée	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	Island	Island	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	off	off	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Dakar	Dakar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **settlement** |  | West |  |  |  |  | Saint *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **found** | past · passive |  | the first African French settlement |  |  | century |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **cede** | past | the Dutch |  |  |  | time | to the French settlement at Gorée Island *goal*; off Dakar | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to settlement=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Ivory Coast», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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