---
title: In the Reformasi era, decentralisation and electoral reforms changed… — Jakarta · tree and pragmatics
description: In the Reformasi era, decentralisation and electoral reforms changed Jakarta's governance, including the introduction of direct gubernatorial elections in 2007. Who acts: decentralisation. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jakarta» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Jakarta, sentence 67

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From Wikipedia, [«Jakarta»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In the Reformasi era, decentralisation and electoral reforms changed Jakarta's governance, including the introduction of direct gubernatorial elections in 2007.

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**Who acts:** decentralisation · **What happens:** change, introduce · **To what, where:** governance, Reformasi era, direct gubernatorial elections

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jakarta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (decentralisation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Jakarta:67
# text = In the Reformasi era, decentralisation and electoral reforms changed Jakarta's governance, including the introduction of direct gubernatorial elections in 2007.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Reformasi	Reformasi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	era	era	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	decentralisation	decentralisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	electoral	electoral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	reforms	reform	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
10	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Jakarta	Jakarta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	governance	governance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	including	including	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	introduction	introduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	gubernatorial	gubernatorial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	2007	2007	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | decentralisation and electoral reforms | Jakarta's governance |  | the Reformasi era |  | in 2007 | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent governance=Patient |
| 2 | **introduce** |  |  | direct gubernatorial elections |  |  |  |  | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jakarta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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