---
title: Historically, the area included extensive swamps, and seasonal flood… — Jakarta · tree and pragmatics
description: Historically, the area included extensive swamps, and seasonal flooding remains a recurrent problem. Who acts: area, seasonal flooding. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jakarta» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Jakarta, sentence 80

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From Wikipedia, [«Jakarta»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakarta), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Historically, the area included extensive swamps, and seasonal flooding remains a recurrent problem.

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**Who acts:** area, seasonal flooding · **What happens:** include, remain · **To what, where:** extensive swamps, recurrent problem

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jakarta». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (area, seasonal flooding), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Jakarta:80
# text = Historically, the area included extensive swamps, and seasonal flooding remains a recurrent problem.
1	Historically	historically	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	included	include	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	extensive	extensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	swamps	swamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	flooding	flooding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	recurrent	recurrent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | past | the area | extensive swamps |  |  |  | historically *property* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swamp=Theme |
| 2 | **remain** | present | seasonal flooding | a recurrent problem |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme problem=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jakarta», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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