---
title: Jamaica's geological origin, topographical features and seasonal hig… — Jamaica · tree and pragmatics
description: Jamaica's geological origin, topographical features and seasonal high rainfall make it susceptible to a range of natural hazards that can affect the coastal and oceanic environments. Who acts: geological origin, natural hazards. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jamaica» with its dependency tree and pragma
---

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# Jamaica, sentence 221

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From Wikipedia, [«Jamaica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Jamaica's geological origin, topographical features and seasonal high rainfall make it susceptible to a range of natural hazards that can affect the coastal and oceanic environments.

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**Who acts:** geological origin, natural hazards · **What happens:** make, affect · **To what, where:** rainfall, coastal environments

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jamaica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (geological origin, natural hazards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Jamaica:221
# text = Jamaica's geological origin, topographical features and seasonal high rainfall make it susceptible to a range of natural hazards that can affect the coastal and oceanic environments.
1	Jamaica	Jamaica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	geological	geological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	topographical	topographical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	hazards	hazard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	affect	affect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	oceanic	oceanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
28	environments	environment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Jamaica's geological origin | rainfall |  |  |  | susceptible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **affect** | can | natural hazards | the coastal environments |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus environment=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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