--- title: In recent years the JDF has been called on to assist the nation's po… — Jamaica · tree and pragmatics description: In recent years the JDF has been called on to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world. Who acts: rising crime rate. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jamaica» with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/301/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Jamaica](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/) / 301 # Jamaica, sentence 301 From Wikipedia, [«Jamaica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. In recent years the JDF has been called on to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world. **Who acts:** rising crime rate · **What happens:** call on, assist, fight, rise, include · **To what, where:** JDF, police, drug smuggling, one This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jamaica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rising crime rate), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Jamaica:301 # text = In recent years the JDF has been called on to assist the nation's police, the Jamaica Constabulary Force (JCF), in fighting drug smuggling and a rising crime rate which includes one of the highest murder rates in the world. 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 recent recent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 JDF JDF PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 7 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 on on ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 assist assist VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 advcl _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 14 's 's PART POS _ 13 case _ _ 15 police police NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 Jamaica Jamaica PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 19 Constabulary Constabulary PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 Force Force PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 21 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 JCF JCF PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 22 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 in in SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 26 fighting fight VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 27 drug drug NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 smuggling smuggling NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 31 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 33 amod _ _ 32 crime crime NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 rate rate NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 34 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 includes include VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 acl:relcl _ _ 36 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 35 obj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 39 highest high ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 41 amod _ _ 40 murder murder NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 rates rate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 42 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 45 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call on** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive | | the JDF | | | year | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient | | 2 | **assist** | to-infinitive | | the nation's police and the Jamaica Constabulary Force | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent police=Beneficiary | | 3 | **fight** | gerund | | drug smuggling and a rising crime rate | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smuggling=Co-Agent | | 4 | **rise** | gerund | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **include** | present | a rising crime rate | one of the highest murder rates in the world | | | | | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 300](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/300/) - next →: [sentence 302](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/302/) - ↑ back to [Jamaica](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jamaica/)