---
title: Battles at Ocho Rios in 1657 and the Rio Nuevo in 1658 resulted in S… — Jamaica · tree and pragmatics
description: Battles at Ocho Rios in 1657 and the Rio Nuevo in 1658 resulted in Spanish defeats; in 1660 the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan de Bolas switched sides from the Spanish, and began supporting the English. Who acts: Battles, Maroon community. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jamaica» with its 
---

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# Jamaica, sentence 47

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From Wikipedia, [«Jamaica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Battles at Ocho Rios in 1657 and the Rio Nuevo in 1658 resulted in Spanish defeats; in 1660 the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan de Bolas switched sides from the Spanish, and began supporting the English.

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**Who acts:** Battles, Maroon community · **What happens:** result, switch, begin, support · **To what, where:** Spanish defeats, sides, 1660, English

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jamaica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Battles, Maroon community), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Jamaica:47
# text = Battles at Ocho Rios in 1657 and the Rio Nuevo in 1658 resulted in Spanish defeats; in 1660 the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan de Bolas switched sides from the Spanish, and began supporting the English.
1	Battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Ocho	Ocho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Rios	Rios	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1657	1657	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Rio	Rio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Nuevo	Nuevo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1658	1658	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	_
13	resulted	result	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	defeats	defeat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	1660	1660	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Maroon	Maroon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	community	community	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
23	under	under	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	leadership	leadership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	Juan	Juan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
28	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	_
29	Bolas	Bolas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
30	switched	switch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
31	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
38	supporting	support	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	37	xcomp	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | past | Battles at Ocho Rios in 1657 and the Rio Nuevo in 1658 |  |  | Spanish defeats |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in defeat=Location |
| 2 | **switch** | past | the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan Bolas | sides |  | 1660 |  | from the Spanish | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent side=Patient |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan Bolas *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **support** | gerund | the Maroon community under the leadership of Juan Bolas *not said here* | the English |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer english=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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