---
title: There was an economic slump in this period, with many Jamaicans livi… — Jamaica · tree and pragmatics
description: There was an economic slump in this period, with many Jamaicans living in poverty. Who acts: economic slump, many Jamaicans. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Jamaica» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Jamaica, sentence 91

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From Wikipedia, [«Jamaica»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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There was an economic slump in this period, with many Jamaicans living in poverty.

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**Who acts:** economic slump, many Jamaicans · **What happens:** be, live · **To what, where:** poverty

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Jamaica». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (economic slump, many Jamaicans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Jamaica:91
# text = There was an economic slump in this period, with many Jamaicans living in poverty.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Jamaicans	Jamaican	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a economic slump in this period |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | many Jamaicans |  |  | poverty |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in poverty=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Jamaica», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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