--- title: Jerusalem — English Wikipedia · full text with trees · page 2 description: Wikipedia's «Jerusalem», whole, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics, CC BY-SA 4.0. It begins: Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / Jerusalem # Jerusalem · page 2 From Wikipedia, [«Jerusalem»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/6/) The city's importance grew during the Israelite period, which began around 1000 BCE when King [David](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David) captured Jerusalem and made it the capital of the [United Kingdom of Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Israel).[74](../../74/ "tree and pragmatics") David's son King [Solomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon) built the [First Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Temple), establishing the city as a major religious centre.[75](../../75/ "tree and pragmatics") Following the kingdom's split, Jerusalem became the capital of the [Kingdom of Judah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah) until it was captured by the [Neo-Babylonian Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire) in 586 BCE.[76](../../76/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Babylonians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonians) destroyed the First Temple, leading to the [Babylonian exile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_exile) of the Jewish population.[77](../../77/ "tree and pragmatics") After the [Persian conquest of Babylon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Babylon) in 539 BCE, [Cyrus the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great) allowed the Jews to return from exile and rebuild the city and its temple, whose construction began c. 516 BCE, marking the start of the [Second Temple period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple_period).[\[104\]](../../page/6/#ref-104 "note 104")[78](../../78/ "tree and pragmatics") Jerusalem fell under [Hellenistic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic) rule after the conquests of [Alexander the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great) in 332 BCE, leading to increasing cultural and political influence from [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece) [corpus](../../../Greece/ "in our corpus").[79](../../79/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Hasmonean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasmonean) revolt in 164 BCE briefly restored Jewish sovereignty, with Jerusalem as the capital of an independent state.[80](../../80/ "tree and pragmatics") In 63 BCE, Jerusalem [was captured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_%2863_BC%29) by [Pompey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey) and brought under the rule of the [Roman Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic).[81](../../81/ "tree and pragmatics") The city was embellished by [Herod the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great), who erected a series of supporting walls that allowed for the enlargement of the Temple Mount and the expansion of the Second Temple,[\[105\]](../../page/6/#ref-105 "note 105") making it one of the largest sanctuaries in the [ancient world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_world).[82](../../82/ "tree and pragmatics") Tensions between the Jews and the [Roman Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire) eventually escalated into the [First Jewish Revolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Jewish–Roman_War), resulting in the [siege and destruction of Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_%2870_CE%29) and the [Second Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Temple) in 70 CE.[83](../../83/ "tree and pragmatics") A few decades later, the city was rebuilt as the Roman colony [Aelia Capitolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina), dedicated to [Jupiter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_%28god%29), provoking the [Bar Kokhba Revolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt) (132–136 CE).[84](../../84/ "tree and pragmatics") After the revolt's suppression, Jews were banned from the city.[85](../../85/ "tree and pragmatics") During the [Byzantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Palestine) period, Jerusalem gained prominence as a centre of [Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) pilgrimage, especially after [Constantine the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_the_Great) supported the construction of the [Church of the Holy Sepulchre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre).[86](../../86/ "tree and pragmatics") In 638 CE, Jerusalem was conquered by the [Rashidun Caliphate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate), and under early [Islamic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic) rule, the [Dome of the Rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock) and [Qibli (al-Aqsa) Mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque) were built, solidifying its religious importance in Islam.[87](../../87/ "tree and pragmatics") During the [Crusades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades) Jerusalem changed hands multiple times, being captured by the Crusaders in 1099 and recaptured by [Saladin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin) in 1187.[88](../../88/ "tree and pragmatics") It remained under [Islamic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic) control through the [Ayyubid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid) and [Mamluk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate) periods, until it became part of the [Ottoman Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) in 1517.[89](../../89/ "tree and pragmatics") In the modern period Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan after the [1948 Arab–Israeli War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab–Israeli_War).[90](../../90/ "tree and pragmatics") Israel captured [East Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Jerusalem) during the [Six-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) in 1967, uniting the city under [Israeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis) control.[91](../../91/ "tree and pragmatics") The status of Jerusalem remains a highly contentious issue, with both Israelis and [Palestinian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian)s claiming it as their capital.[92](../../92/ "tree and pragmatics") Historiographically, the city's history is often interpreted through the lens of competing national narratives.[93](../../93/ "tree and pragmatics") Israeli scholars emphasise the ancient Jewish connection to the city, while Palestinian narratives highlight the city's broader historical and multicultural significance.[94](../../94/ "tree and pragmatics") Both perspectives influence contemporary discussions of Jerusalem's status and future.[95](../../95/ "tree and pragmatics") ## Political status Main article: [Positions on Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem) From 1923 until 1948 Jerusalem served as the administrative capital of [Mandatory Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine).[\[106\]](../../page/6/#ref-106 "note 106")[96](../../96/ "tree and pragmatics") In December 1949, Israeli prime minister [David Ben-Gurion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion) declared the area of [West Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Jerusalem) that it controlled as "Israel's eternal capital,"[\[107\]](../../page/6/#ref-107 "note 107") a policy that was affirmed by the [Knesset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset) in January 1950.[\[108\]](../../page/6/#ref-108 "note 108")[97](../../97/ "tree and pragmatics") This policy was not recognised as such internationally because [UN General Assembly Resolution 194](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194) envisaged Jerusalem as an [international city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_city); the American government opposed the move and insisted that Israel's capital remain in Tel Aviv.[\[109\]](../../page/6/#ref-109 "note 109")[98](../../98/ "tree and pragmatics") As a result of the Six-Day War in 1967, the whole of Jerusalem [came under Israeli control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reunification_of_Jerusalem).[99](../../99/ "tree and pragmatics") On 27 June 1967, the government of [Levi Eshkol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Eshkol) extended Israeli law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem, but agreed that administration of the Temple Mount compound would be maintained by the [Jordanian waqf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf), under the Jordanian Ministry of Religious Endowments.[\[110\]](../../page/6/#ref-110 "note 110")[100](../../100/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1988, the Israeli government ordered the closure of [Orient House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_House), home of the Arab Studies Society and headquarters of the [Palestine Liberation Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization), for security reasons.[101](../../101/ "tree and pragmatics") The building reopened in 1992 as a Palestinian guesthouse.[\[111\]](../../page/6/#ref-111 "note 111")[\[112\]](../../page/6/#ref-112 "note 112")[102](../../102/ "tree and pragmatics") The [Oslo Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords) stated that the final status of Jerusalem would be determined by negotiations with the [Palestinian Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority).[103](../../103/ "tree and pragmatics") The accords banned any official Palestinian presence in the city until a final peace agreement, but provided for the opening of a Palestinian trade office in East Jerusalem.[104](../../104/ "tree and pragmatics") The Palestinian Authority regards East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state.[\[113\]](../../page/6/#ref-113 "note 113")[\[114\]](../../page/6/#ref-114 "note 114")[105](../../105/ "tree and pragmatics") President [Mahmoud Abbas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) has said that any agreement that did not include East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine would be unacceptable.[\[115\]](../../page/6/#ref-115 "note 115")[106](../../106/ "tree and pragmatics") Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has similarly stated that Jerusalem would remain the undivided capital of Israel.[107](../../107/ "tree and pragmatics") Due to its proximity to the city, especially the Temple Mount, [Abu Dis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dis), a Palestinian suburb of Jerusalem, has been proposed as the future capital of a Palestinian state by Israel.[108](../../108/ "tree and pragmatics") Israel has not incorporated Abu Dis within its security wall around Jerusalem.[109](../../109/ "tree and pragmatics") The Palestinian Authority has built a possible future parliament building for the [Palestinian Legislative Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council) in the town, and its Jerusalem Affairs Offices are all located in Abu Dis.[\[116\]](../../page/6/#ref-116 "note 116")[110](../../110/ "tree and pragmatics") ### International status Most of the international community regards East Jerusalem, including the entire Old City, as part of the [occupied Palestinian territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories).[111](../../111/ "tree and pragmatics") The United States recognized Israeli control over all of Jerusalem in 2017.[\[117\]](../../page/6/#ref-117 "note 117")[112](../../112/ "tree and pragmatics") Until then neither part, West or East Jerusalem, was recognized as part of the territory of the [State of Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) [corpus](../../../Israel/ "in our corpus") or the [State of Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine).[\[118\]](../../page/6/#ref-118 "note 118")[\[119\]](../../page/6/#ref-119 "note 119")[\[120\]](../../page/6/#ref-120 "note 120")[\[121\]](../../page/6/#ref-121 "note 121")[113](../../113/ "tree and pragmatics") The move was followed by additional states to recognizing West Jerusalem as part of Israel or East Jerusalem as part of a future State of Palestine.[\[122\]](../../page/6/#ref-122 "note 122")[\[123\]](../../page/6/#ref-123 "note 123")[\[124\]](../../page/6/#ref-124 "note 124")[\[125\]](../../page/6/#ref-125 "note 125")[114](../../114/ "tree and pragmatics") Under the [United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine) adopted by the [General Assembly of the United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations) in 1947, Jerusalem was envisaged to become a [corpus separatum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_separatum_%28Jerusalem%29) administered by the United Nations for ten years, following which city residents would be able to "express by means of a referendum their wishes."[\[11\]](../../page/6/#ref-11 "note 11")[115](../../115/ "tree and pragmatics") In the war of 1948 the western part of the city was occupied by forces of the nascent state of Israel, while the eastern part was occupied by Jordan.[116](../../116/ "tree and pragmatics") The international community largely considers the legal status of Jerusalem to derive from the partition plan, and correspondingly most refuse to recognise Israeli sovereignty over the city.[\[126\]](../../page/6/#ref-126 "note 126")[117](../../117/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Status under Israeli rule Following the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel extended its jurisdiction and administration over East Jerusalem, establishing new municipal borders.[118](../../118/ "tree and pragmatics") In 2010 Israel approved legislation giving Jerusalem the highest national priority status in Israel.[119](../../119/ "tree and pragmatics") The law prioritised construction throughout the city, and offered grants and tax benefits to residents to make housing, infrastructure, education, employment, business, tourism and cultural events more affordable.[120](../../120/ "tree and pragmatics") Communications Minister [Moshe Kahlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon) said that the bill sent "a clear, unequivocal political message that Jerusalem will not be divided", and that "all those within the Palestinian and international community who expect the current Israeli government to accept any demands regarding Israel's sovereignty over its capital are mistaken and misleading".[\[127\]](../../page/6/#ref-127 "note 127")[121](../../121/ "tree and pragmatics") The status of the city, and especially its holy places, remains a core issue in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[122](../../122/ "tree and pragmatics") The Israeli government has approved building plans in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City[\[128\]](../../page/6/#ref-128 "note 128") in order to expand the Jewish presence in East Jerusalem, while some Islamic leaders have made claims that Jews have no historical connection to Jerusalem, alleging that the 2,500-year-old Western Wall was constructed as part of a mosque.[\[129\]](../../page/6/#ref-129 "note 129")[\[130\]](../../page/6/#ref-130 "note 130")[123](../../123/ "tree and pragmatics") Palestinians regard Jerusalem as the capital of the [State of Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Palestine),[\[131\]](../../page/6/#ref-131 "note 131") and the city's borders have been the subject of bilateral talks.[124](../../124/ "tree and pragmatics") A team of experts assembled by the then Israeli Prime Minister [Ehud Barak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barak) in 2000 concluded that the city must be divided, since Israel had failed to achieve any of its national aims there.[\[132\]](../../page/6/#ref-132 "note 132")[125](../../125/ "tree and pragmatics") However, Israeli Prime Minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) said in 2014 that "Jerusalem will never be divided".[\[133\]](../../page/6/#ref-133 "note 133")[126](../../126/ "tree and pragmatics") A poll conducted in June 2013 found that 74% of Israeli Jews reject the idea of a Palestinian capital in any portion of Jerusalem, though 72% of the public regarded it as a divided city.[\[134\]](../../page/6/#ref-134 "note 134")[127](../../127/ "tree and pragmatics") A poll conducted by the Palestinian Centre for Public Opinion and American Pechter Middle East Polls for the [Council on Foreign Relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations) among East Jerusalem Arab residents in 2011 revealed that 39% of East Jerusalem Arab residents would prefer Israeli citizenship, while 31% opted for Palestinian citizenship.[128](../../128/ "tree and pragmatics") According to the poll 40% of Palestinian residents would prefer to leave their neighbourhoods if they would be placed under Palestinian rule.[\[135\]](../../page/6/#ref-135 "note 135")[129](../../129/ "tree and pragmatics") ### Jerusalem as capital of Israel Main article: [Status of Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem) On 5 December 1949 Israel's first prime minister, [David Ben-Gurion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion), proclaimed Jerusalem as Israel's "eternal" and "sacred" capital, and eight days later specified that only the war had "compelled" the Israeli leadership "to establish the seat of Government in Tel Aviv", while "for the State of Israel there has always been and always will be one capital only—Jerusalem the Eternal", and that after the war, efforts had been ongoing for creating the conditions for "the Knesset... returning to Jerusalem."[\[136\]](../../page/6/#ref-136 "note 136")[130](../../130/ "tree and pragmatics") This indeed took place, and since the beginning of 1950 all branches of the [Israeli government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel)—[legislative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Legislative_branch), [judicial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Judicial_system) and [executive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Prime_Ministers_and_governments_in_the_last_ten_years)—have resided there, except for the [Ministry of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_%28Israel%29), which is located at [HaKirya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HaKirya) in [Tel Aviv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv).[\[137\]](../../page/6/#ref-137 "note 137")[\[138\]](../../page/6/#ref-138 "note 138")[131](../../131/ "tree and pragmatics") At the time of Ben Gurion's proclamations and the ensuing Knesset vote of 24 January 1950,[\[138\]](../../page/6/#ref-138 "note 138") Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, and thus the proclamation only applied to West Jerusalem.[132](../../132/ "tree and pragmatics") In July 1980 Israel passed the [Jerusalem Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Law) as [Basic Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel).[133](../../133/ "tree and pragmatics") The law declared Jerusalem the "complete and united" capital of Israel.[\[139\]](../../page/6/#ref-139 "note 139")[134](../../134/ "tree and pragmatics") The Jerusalem Law was condemned by the international community, which did not recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.[135](../../135/ "tree and pragmatics") The United Nations Security Council passed [Resolution 478](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478) on 20 August 1980, which declared that the Jerusalem Law is "a violation of international law", is "null and void and must be rescinded forthwith".[136](../../136/ "tree and pragmatics") Member states were called upon to withdraw their diplomatic representation from Jerusalem.[\[140\]](../../page/6/#ref-140 "note 140")[137](../../137/ "tree and pragmatics") Following the resolution, 22 of the 24 countries that previously had their embassy in (West) Jerusalem relocated them in Tel Aviv, where many embassies already resided prior to Resolution 478.[138](../../138/ "tree and pragmatics") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica) [corpus](../../../Costa_Rica/ "in our corpus") and [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador) [corpus](../../../El_Salvador/ "in our corpus") followed in 2006.[\[141\]](../../page/6/#ref-141 "note 141")[139](../../139/ "tree and pragmatics") There are five embassies—United States, Guatemala, Honduras, Papua New Guinea and Kosovo—and two consulates located within the city limits of Jerusalem.[140](../../140/ "tree and pragmatics") Paraguay maintains an embassy in the [Jerusalem District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_District) [town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_council_%28Israel%29) of [Mevaseret Zion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion),[\[142\]](../../page/6/#ref-142 "note 142")[\[143\]](../../page/6/#ref-143 "note 143")[\[144\]](../../page/6/#ref-144 "note 144")[\[145\]](../../page/6/#ref-145 "note 145") in addition to Bolivia whose embassy is now [closed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia–Israel_relations#2023:_Bolivia_severs_relations_with_Israel).[\[146\]](../../page/6/#ref-146 "note 146")[141](../../141/ "tree and pragmatics") There are [a number of consulates-general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Consulates-General_in_Jerusalem) located in Jerusalem, which work primarily either with Israel, or the Palestinian authorities.[142](../../142/ "tree and pragmatics") In 1995 the [United States Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress) passed the [Jerusalem Embassy Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Embassy_Act), which required, subject to conditions, that its embassy be moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.[\[147\]](../../page/6/#ref-147 "note 147")[143](../../143/ "tree and pragmatics") On 6 December 2017 the [US president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States), [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump), officially [recognised Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel) as Israel's capital and announced his intention to move the [American embassy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tel_Aviv) to Jerusalem, reversing decades of United States policy on the issue.[\[148\]](../../page/6/#ref-148 "note 148")[\[149\]](../../page/6/#ref-149 "note 149")[144](../../144/ "tree and pragmatics") The move was criticised by many nations.[\[150\]](../../page/6/#ref-150 "note 150")[145](../../145/ "tree and pragmatics") A resolution condemning the US decision was supported by all the 14 other members of the UN Security Council, but was vetoed by the US on 18 December 2017.[\[151\]](../../page/6/#ref-151 "note 151")[146](../../146/ "tree and pragmatics") A subsequent resolution condemning the US decision was passed in the [United Nations General Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly).[\[152\]](../../page/6/#ref-152 "note 152")[\[153\]](../../page/6/#ref-153 "note 153")[\[154\]](../../page/6/#ref-154 "note 154")[\[155\]](../../page/6/#ref-155 "note 155")[147](../../147/ "tree and pragmatics") On 14 May 2018 the United States officially opened its [embassy in Jerusalem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem), transforming its Tel Aviv location into a consulate.[148](../../148/ "tree and pragmatics") Due to the general lack of international recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital, some non-Israeli media outlets use Tel Aviv as a [metonym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonym) for Israel.[\[156\]](../../page/6/#ref-156 "note 156")[\[157\]](../../page/6/#ref-157 "note 157")[\[158\]](../../page/6/#ref-158 "note 158")[\[159\]](../../page/6/#ref-159 "note 159")[149](../../149/ "tree and pragmatics") In December 2017, US President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) made the decision to acknowledge Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and relocate the US embassy from [Tel Aviv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv) to that city.[\[160\]](../../page/6/#ref-160 "note 160")[150](../../150/ "tree and pragmatics") This decision faced significant opposition, particularly from leaders within the Arab and Muslim communities.[151](../../151/ "tree and pragmatics") The Palestinians assert that East Jerusalem should serve as the capital of their future state, and its status ought to be resolved through peace negotiations as outlined in the 1993 Israeli-Palestinian peace accords.[152](../../152/ "tree and pragmatics") Palestinian President [Mahmoud Abbas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) remarked that Trump's action effectively negated the United States' position as a mediator in the peace process.[153](../../153/ "tree and pragmatics") [Ismail Haniyeh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh), the head of the Islamist Hamas movement, urged for a new "intifada," or uprising.[154](../../154/ "tree and pragmatics") Turkish President [Recep Tayyip Erdogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) criticised the decision, stating it would "place the region in a ring of fire."[155](../../155/ "tree and pragmatics") Saudi Arabia's [King Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia) described it as "a clear provocation to Muslims globally."[156](../../156/ "tree and pragmatics") Egyptian President [Abdel Fattah al-Sisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) indicated that this decision would exacerbate the situation in the region.[157](../../157/ "tree and pragmatics") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) [corpus](../../../Iran/ "in our corpus") warned that the decision would incite a "new intifada," labelling it a blatant infringement of international resolutions.[\[161\]](../../page/6/#ref-161 "note 161")[158](../../158/ "tree and pragmatics") In April 2017 the Russian [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_%28Russia%29) announced it viewed Western Jerusalem as Israel's capital in the context of UN-approved principles which include the status of East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state.[\[162\]](../../page/6/#ref-162 "note 162")[\[163\]](../../page/6/#ref-163 "note 163")[\[164\]](../../page/6/#ref-164 "note 164")[159](../../159/ "tree and pragmatics") On 15 December 2018 the Australian government officially recognised West Jerusalem as Israel's capital, but said their embassy in Tel Aviv would stay until a two-state resolution was settled.[\[165\]](../../page/6/#ref-165 "note 165")[160](../../160/ "tree and pragmatics") The decision was reversed in October 2022.[\[166\]](../../page/6/#ref-166 "note 166")[161](../../161/ "tree and pragmatics") [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/) **2** [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/3/) [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/4/) [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/5/) [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/6/) - ← previous: [page 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/) - next →: [page 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Jerusalem/page/3/) - ↑ back to [English Wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/)