---
title: Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization… — Kazakhstan · tree and pragmatics
description: Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2019, who had led the country since independence. Who acts: political reform. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kazakhstan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kazakhstan, sentence 22

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From Wikipedia, [«Kazakhstan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2019, who had led the country since independence.

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**Who acts:** political reform · **What happens:** be, lead, resign · **To what, where:** incremental efforts, democratization, country, Nursultan

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (political reform), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kazakhstan:22
# text = Nevertheless, there have been incremental efforts at democratization and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2019, who had led the country since independence.
1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
6	incremental	incremental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	democratization	democratization	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	reform	reform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	since	since	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Nursultan	Nursultan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	Nazarbayev	Nazarbayev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	2019	2019	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	acl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	since	since	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | participle |  | incremental efforts and political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 |  | democratization |  | political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 *conj*; nevertheless *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | past · perfect | political reform since the resignation of Nursultan in 2019 | the country |  |  | since independence |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme |
| 3 | **resign** |  |  | Nursultan |  |  |  |  | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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