---
title: Major seas, lakes and rivers include Lake Balkhash, Lake Zaysan, the… — Kazakhstan · tree and pragmatics
description: Major seas, lakes and rivers include Lake Balkhash, Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge, the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers, and the Aral Sea until it largely dried up in one of the world's worst environmental disasters. Who acts: Major seas, Sea. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kazakh
---

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# Kazakhstan, sentence 268

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From Wikipedia, [«Kazakhstan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Major seas, lakes and rivers include Lake Balkhash, Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge, the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers, and the Aral Sea until it largely dried up in one of the world's worst environmental disasters.

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**Who acts:** Major seas, Sea · **What happens:** include, dry up · **To what, where:** Lake rivers

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Major seas, Sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kazakhstan:268
# text = Major seas, lakes and rivers include Lake Balkhash, Lake Zaysan, the Charyn River and gorge, the Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, Ural and Syr Darya rivers, and the Aral Sea until it largely dried up in one of the world's worst environmental disasters.
1	Major	major	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
9	Balkhash	Balkhash	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	Zaysan	Zaysan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Charyn	Charyn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	gorge	gorge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Ili	Ili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Irtysh	Irtysh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Ishim	Ishim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	Ural	Ural	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	Syr	Syr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
30	Darya	Darya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	flat	_	_
31	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Aral	Aral	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
37	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	dried	dry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
41	up	up	ADP	RP	_	40	compound:prt	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	's	's	PART	POS	_	46	case	_	_
48	worst	bad	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	50	amod	_	_
49	environmental	environmental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Major seas and lakes and rivers | Lake rivers |  |  |  | the Aral Sea *obl* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Theme |
| 2 | **dry up** | past | Sea |  |  |  |  | in one of the world's worst environmental disasters; largely *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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