---
title: Though Kazakh traditionally referred only to ethnic Kazakhs, includi… — Kazakhstan · tree and pragmatics
description: Though Kazakh traditionally referred only to ethnic Kazakhs, including those living in China, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and other neighbouring countries, the term is increasingly being used to refer to any inhabitant of Kazakhstan, including residents of other ethnicities. Who acts: Kazakh, other 
---

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# Kazakhstan, sentence 33

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From Wikipedia, [«Kazakhstan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Though Kazakh traditionally referred only to ethnic Kazakhs, including those living in China, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and other neighbouring countries, the term is increasingly being used to refer to any inhabitant of Kazakhstan, including residents of other ethnicities.

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**Who acts:** Kazakh, other neighbouring countries · **What happens:** refer, use · **To what, where:** ethnic Kazakhs, term

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kazakh, other neighbouring countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kazakhstan:33
# text = Though Kazakh traditionally referred only to ethnic Kazakhs, including those living in China, Russia, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and other neighbouring countries, the term is increasingly being used to refer to any inhabitant of Kazakhstan, including residents of other ethnicities.
1	Though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	Kazakh	Kazakh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	traditionally	traditionally	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	referred	refer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Kazakhs	kazakh	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	including	including	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Turkey	Turkey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Uzbekistan	Uzbekistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	neighbouring	neighbouring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
30	increasingly	increasingly	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
31	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl:relcl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	refer	refer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	37	det	_	_
37	inhabitant	inhabitant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Kazakhstan	Kazakhstan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	including	including	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	residents	resident	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	ethnicities	ethnicity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refer** | past | Kazakh | ethnic Kazakhs |  |  |  | other neighbouring countries *obl*; traditionally *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent kazakh=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | other neighbouring countries *not said here* | the term |  |  |  | increasingly *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **refer** | to-infinitive | other neighbouring countries *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to any inhabitant of Kazakhstan; including residents of other ethnicities | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to inhabitant=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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