---
title: These came from earlier periods and were primarily transmitted by ba… — Kazakhstan · tree and pragmatics
description: These came from earlier periods and were primarily transmitted by bards: professional storytellers and musical performers. Who acts: These, bards. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kazakhstan» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kazakhstan, sentence 703

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From Wikipedia, [«Kazakhstan»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These came from earlier periods and were primarily transmitted by bards: professional storytellers and musical performers.

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**Who acts:** These, bards · **What happens:** come, transmit · **To what, where:** earlier periods

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kazakhstan». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, bards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kazakhstan:703
# text = These came from earlier periods and were primarily transmitted by bards: professional storytellers and musical performers.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	periods	period	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	primarily	primarily	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	transmitted	transmit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bards	bard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	professional	professional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	storytellers	storyteller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	musical	musical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	performers	performer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | These |  |  | earlier periods |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from period=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **transmit** | past · passive | bards and professional storytellers and musical performers |  |  |  |  | primarily *property* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kazakhstan», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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