---
title: The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya's demo… — Kenya · tree and pragmatics
description: The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully from the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence, to the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), a coalition of political parties. Who 
---

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# Kenya, sentence 276

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From Wikipedia, [«Kenya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully from the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence, to the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), a coalition of political parties.

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**Who acts:** 2002 elections, National Rainbow Coalition, Kenya · **What happens:** mark, transfer, rule, evolve · **To what, where:** important turning point, democratic evolution, power, country

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2002 elections, National Rainbow Coalition, Kenya), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kenya:276
# text = The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya's democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully from the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence, to the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), a coalition of political parties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	2002	2002	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	marked	mark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	democratic	democratic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	evolution	evolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
19	peacefully	peacefully	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
23	African	African	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
24	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
26	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	KANU	KANU	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	since	since	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	National	National	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
41	Rainbow	Rainbow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	Coalition	Coalition	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl:agent	_	_
43	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	NARC	narc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	44	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	coalition	coalition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	appos	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	political	political	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | past | the 2002 elections | a important turning point |  | Kenya's democratic evolution |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent point=Theme in evolution=Destination |
| 2 | **transfer** | past · passive |  |  |  | that power |  | from the African National Union  Kenya; peacefully *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: from union=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **rule** | past · perfect · passive | the National Rainbow Coalition | the country |  |  | since independence | which *nsubj:pass* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme country=Result |
| 4 | **evolve** |  | Kenya |  |  |  |  |  | nom evolution «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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