---
title: Early in 2006, Chinese president Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration… — Kenya · tree and pragmatics
description: Early in 2006, Chinese president Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya, part of a series of deals designed to keep Africa's natural resources flowing to China's rapidly expanding economy. Who acts: Hu, natural resources. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kenya» with its dependency tree an
---

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# Kenya, sentence 439

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From Wikipedia, [«Kenya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Early in 2006, Chinese president Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya, part of a series of deals designed to keep Africa's natural resources flowing to China's rapidly expanding economy.

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**Who acts:** Hu, natural resources · **What happens:** sign, design, keep, flow, expand · **To what, where:** exploration contract, 2006, deals, natural resources, China, economy

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hu, natural resources), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kenya:439
# text = Early in 2006, Chinese president Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya, part of a series of deals designed to keep Africa's natural resources flowing to China's rapidly expanding economy.
1	Early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	2006	2006	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	president	president	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:desc	_	_
7	Hu	Hu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	Jintao	Jintao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	signed	sign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	exploration	exploration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	deals	deal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	designed	design	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
26	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	's	's	PART	POS	_	26	case	_	_
28	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
30	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	xcomp	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	's	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	conj	_	_
36	economy	economy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sign** | past | Hu  Chinese president | a exploration contract and part of a series of deals |  | 2006 |  | with Kenya | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent contract=Theme in 2006=Destination |
| 2 | **design** | participle |  | deals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | Africa's natural resources |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flow** | gerund | Africa's natural resources *not said here* |  | China |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **expand** | gerund | Africa's natural resources *not said here* | economy |  |  |  | rapidly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent economy=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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