---
title: Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in ru… — Kenya · tree and pragmatics
description: Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages. Who acts: Peri urban dwellers, many rural areas. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kenya» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kenya, sentence 474

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From Wikipedia, [«Kenya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages.

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**Who acts:** Peri urban dwellers, many rural areas · **What happens:** be, speak · **To what, where:** native languages · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peri urban dwellers, many rural areas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kenya:474
# text = Peri-urban and rural dwellers are less multilingual, with many in rural areas speaking only their native languages.
1	Peri	Peri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	dwellers	dweller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	parataxis	_	_
16	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Peri urban dwellers |  |  |  |  | many rural areas *parataxis*; less, multilingual *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | many rural areas *not said here* | dwellers's native languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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