---
title: 1.9 million to 350,000 years ago), possibly the direct ancestors of… — Kenya · tree and pragmatics
description: 1.9 million to 350,000 years ago), possibly the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, had lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch. Who acts: direct ancestors. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kenya» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kenya, sentence 48

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From Wikipedia, [«Kenya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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1.9 million to 350,000 years ago), possibly the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, had lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch.

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**Who acts:** direct ancestors · **What happens:** live · **To what, where:** Kenya

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (direct ancestors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kenya:48
# text = 1.9 million to 350,000 years ago), possibly the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, had lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch.
1	1.9	1.9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	compound	_	_
2	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	350,000	350000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	possibly	possibly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	Homo	Homo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	sapiens	sapien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	lived	live	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Kenya	Kenya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Pleistocene	Pleistocene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	epoch	epoch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past · perfect | the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens |  |  | Kenya |  | in the Pleistocene epoch; ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in kenya=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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