---
title: In 2018, 18.5 per cent of the Kenyan adult population was illiterate… — Kenya · tree and pragmatics
description: In 2018, 18.5 per cent of the Kenyan adult population was illiterate, which was the highest rate of literacy in East Africa. Who acts: 18.5 per cent. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kenya» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kenya, sentence 545

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From Wikipedia, [«Kenya»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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In 2018, 18.5 per cent of the Kenyan adult population was illiterate, which was the highest rate of literacy in East Africa.

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**Who acts:** 18.5 per cent · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** 2018, highest rate, East Africa

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kenya». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (18.5 per cent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kenya:545
# text = In 2018, 18.5 per cent of the Kenyan adult population was illiterate, which was the highest rate of literacy in East Africa.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	2018	2018	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	18.5	18.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	per	per	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cent	cent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	Kenyan	kenyan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	illiterate	illiterate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	amod	_	_
19	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	literacy	literacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | 18.5 per cent of the Kenyan adult population |  |  | 2018 |  | illiterate *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the highest rate |  | East Africa |  | of literacy; which *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kenya», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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