---
title: These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programme… — Kigali · tree and pragmatics
description: These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programmes such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate which enable students to study at universities worldwide. Who acts: schools, international programmes, students. A sentence o
---

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# Kigali, sentence 280

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From Wikipedia, [«Kigali»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programmes such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate which enable students to study at universities worldwide.

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**Who acts:** schools, international programmes, students · **What happens:** charge, offer, enable, study · **To what, where:** high fees, international programmes, students, universities

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (schools, international programmes, students), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kigali:280
# text = These schools, which charge high fees, offer international programmes such as the International General Certificate of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate which enable students to study at universities worldwide.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	charge	charge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fees	fee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	offer	offer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	programmes	programme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	International	International	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	General	General	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:desc	_	_
17	Certificate	Certificate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Secondary	Secondary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Education	Education	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	International	International	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	Baccalaureate	Baccalaureate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	enable	enable	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
27	students	student	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	universities	university	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
32	worldwide	worldwide	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | present | this schools | high fees |  |  |  | which *nsubj* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location fee=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | present | this schools *not said here* | international programmes |  |  |  | such the International Certificate  General of Secondary Education and the International Baccalaureate | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent programme=Theme |
| 3 | **enable** | present | international programmes | students |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **study** | to-infinitive | students *not said here* |  |  | universities |  | worldwide *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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