---
title: According to international observers such as Reporters Without Borde… — Kigali · tree and pragmatics
description: According to international observers such as Reporters Without Borders and Freedom House, the Rwandan media does not have press freedom and is routinely censored or forced to self-censor by the government. Who acts: Rwandan media. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kigali» with its dependency tree and pragm
---

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# Kigali, sentence 356

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From Wikipedia, [«Kigali»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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According to international observers such as Reporters Without Borders and Freedom House, the Rwandan media does not have press freedom and is routinely censored or forced to self-censor by the government.

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**Who acts:** Rwandan media · **What happens:** accord, not have, censor, force · **To what, where:** press freedom

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rwandan media), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kigali:356
# text = According to international observers such as Reporters Without Borders and Freedom House, the Rwandan media does not have press freedom and is routinely censored or forced to self-censor by the government.
1	According	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	Reporters	Reporter	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Borders	border	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	Freedom	Freedom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	House	House	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Rwandan	rwandan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	media	media	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
20	press	press	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	routinely	routinely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	censored	censor	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	conj	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	censor	censor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | the Rwandan media | press freedom |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freedom=Patient |
| 3 | **censor** | present · passive | the Rwandan media *not said here* |  |  |  |  | routinely *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **force** | participle | the Rwandan media *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to self censor; the government *obl:agent* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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