---
title: The government forces had superior manpower and weapons but the RPF… — Kigali · tree and pragmatics
description: The government forces had superior manpower and weapons but the RPF fought tactically, and were able to exploit the fact that the government forces were concentrating on the genocide rather than the fight for Kigali. Who acts: government forces, RPF. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kigali» with its depen
---

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# Kigali, sentence 80

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From Wikipedia, [«Kigali»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The government forces had superior manpower and weapons but the RPF fought tactically, and were able to exploit the fact that the government forces were concentrating on the genocide rather than the fight for Kigali.

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**Who acts:** government forces, RPF · **What happens:** have, fight, be, exploit, concentrate · **To what, where:** superior manpower, fact, genocide

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kigali». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (government forces, RPF), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kigali:80
# text = The government forces had superior manpower and weapons but the RPF fought tactically, and were able to exploit the fact that the government forces were concentrating on the genocide rather than the fight for Kigali.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	superior	superior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	manpower	manpower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	RPF	RPF	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	tactically	tactically	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	exploit	exploit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
27	concentrating	concentrate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	genocide	genocide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	34	cc	_	_
32	than	than	ADP	IN	_	31	fixed	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
35	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Kigali	Kigali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the government forces | superior manpower and weapons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manpower=Patient |
| 2 | **fight** | past | the RPF |  |  |  |  | tactically *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **exploit** | to-infinitive |  | the fact |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |
| 5 | **concentrate** | past · progressive | the government forces | the fact *not said here* |  | the genocide rather the fight for Kigali |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kigali», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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