---
title: UNHCR consultant Robert Gersony estimated that between 5,000 and 10,… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: UNHCR consultant Robert Gersony estimated that between 5,000 and 10,000 people were killed monthly in mid-1994 alone. Who acts: UNHCR consultant. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kinshasa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 105

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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UNHCR consultant Robert Gersony estimated that between 5,000 and 10,000 people were killed monthly in mid-1994 alone.

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**Who acts:** UNHCR consultant · **What happens:** estimate, kill · **To what, where:** people, mid-1994

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (UNHCR consultant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:105
# text = UNHCR consultant Robert Gersony estimated that between 5,000 and 10,000 people were killed monthly in mid-1994 alone.
1	UNHCR	unhcr	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	consultant	consultant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Gersony	Gersony	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	10,000	10000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
14	monthly	monthly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	mid-1994	mid-1994	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
17	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **estimate** | past | UNHCR consultant |  |  |  |  | Robert *nsubj* | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Value |
| 2 | **kill** | past · passive |  | people |  | mid-1994 |  | between 5,000; alone, monthly *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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