---
title: It has four principal features: the Malebo Pool, a large water body… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: It has four principal features: the Malebo Pool, a large water body with islands and islets; the Kinshasa Plain, a highly urbanizable area prone to drainage problems; the terrace, a series of low ridges overlooking the plain; and the hills area, marked by deep valleys and cirque-shaped formations. W
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 171

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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It has four principal features: the Malebo Pool, a large water body with islands and islets; the Kinshasa Plain, a highly urbanizable area prone to drainage problems; the terrace, a series of low ridges overlooking the plain; and the hills area, marked by deep valleys and cirque-shaped formations.

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**Who acts:** plain, low ridges · **What happens:** have, overlook, mark, shape · **To what, where:** four principal features, plain, hills area

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plain, low ridges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:171
# text = It has four principal features: the Malebo Pool, a large water body with islands and islets; the Kinshasa Plain, a highly urbanizable area prone to drainage problems; the terrace, a series of low ridges overlooking the plain; and the hills area, marked by deep valleys and cirque-shaped formations.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	features	feature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Malebo	Malebo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Pool	Pool	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	islets	islet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Plain	Plain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	highly	highly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	urbanizable	urbanizable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	prone	prone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	drainage	drainage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	terrace	terrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	ridges	ridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nmod	_	_
41	overlooking	overlook	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	40	acl	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	48	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	compound	_	_
48	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
50	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	48	acl	_	_
51	by	by	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obl	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
55	cirque	cirque	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	55	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	58	amod	_	_
58	formations	formation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | plain | four principal features  the Malebo Pool and a large water body with islands and islets |  |  |  | the Kinshasa Plain *parataxis*; the terrace and a series of low ridges *parataxis*; the hills area *conj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feature=Patient |
| 2 | **overlook** | gerund | low ridges *not said here* | the plain |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plain=Theme |
| 3 | **mark** | participle |  | the hills area *not said here* |  |  |  | by deep valleys and shaped formations | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by valley=Destination |
| 4 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | cirque *compound* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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