---
title: This hydrological transformation is evidenced by a marked rise in su… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: This hydrological transformation is evidenced by a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention, resulting in flashier hydrographs, more frequent flood events, and accelerated erosional processes. Who acts: marked rise. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kinshasa» with its depende
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 200

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This hydrological transformation is evidenced by a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention, resulting in flashier hydrographs, more frequent flood events, and accelerated erosional processes.

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**Who acts:** marked rise · **What happens:** evidence, mark, result, accelerate · **To what, where:** hydrological transformation, flashier hydrographs, erosional processes

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (marked rise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:200
# text = This hydrological transformation is evidenced by a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention, resulting in flashier hydrographs, more frequent flood events, and accelerated erosional processes.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	hydrological	hydrological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	transformation	transformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	evidenced	evidence	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:agent	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	runoff	runoff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	infiltration	infiltration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	resulting	result	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	flashier	flashy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	hydrographs	hydrograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	26	advmod	_	_
26	frequent	frequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	accelerated	accelerate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
32	erosional	erosional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **evidence** | present · passive | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention | this hydrological transformation |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **mark** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **result** | gerund | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention *not said here* |  |  | flashier hydrographs and frequent flood events |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hydrograph=Location |
| 4 | **accelerate** | past | a marked rise in surface runoff and a reduction in infiltration retention *not said here* | erosional processes |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent process=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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