---
title: The gallery forests, typically aligned along principal watercourses… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: The gallery forests, typically aligned along principal watercourses and occupying humid valleys associated with the Guineo-Congolese ombrophile-type, have experienced progressive degradation. Who acts: gallery forests. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kinshasa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 222

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The gallery forests, typically aligned along principal watercourses and occupying humid valleys associated with the Guineo-Congolese ombrophile-type, have experienced progressive degradation.

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**Who acts:** gallery forests · **What happens:** align, occupy, associate, have · **To what, where:** gallery forests, humid valleys, experienced progressive degradation

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gallery forests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:222
# text = The gallery forests, typically aligned along principal watercourses and occupying humid valleys associated with the Guineo-Congolese ombrophile-type, have experienced progressive degradation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gallery	gallery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	typically	typically	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	aligned	align	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	watercourses	watercourse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	occupying	occupy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
12	humid	humid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	associated	associate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
17	Guineo	Guineo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Congolese	congolese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
20	ombrophile	ombrophile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	type	type	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
25	experienced	experienced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	degradation	degradation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **align** | participle |  | the gallery forests *not said here* |  |  |  | along principal watercourses; typically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **occupy** | gerund |  | humid valleys |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus valley=Experiencer |
| 3 | **associate** | participle |  | humid valleys *not said here* |  |  |  | with the Congolese ombrophile type  Guineo | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with type=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **have** | present | the gallery forests | experienced progressive degradation |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degradation=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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