---
title: As the most populous foreign African demographic in Kinshasa, they i… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: As the most populous foreign African demographic in Kinshasa, they initially migrated as traders and laborers and, from the 1950s onward, were extensively conscripted to work at the port of CITAS, where they primarily handled and transported colonial commodities such as palm derivatives, copal resin
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 305

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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As the most populous foreign African demographic in Kinshasa, they initially migrated as traders and laborers and, from the 1950s onward, were extensively conscripted to work at the port of CITAS, where they primarily handled and transported colonial commodities such as palm derivatives, copal resin, cotton, and ivory.

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**Who acts:** Kinshasa · **What happens:** migrate, conscript, work, handle, transport · **To what, where:** ivory, colonial commodities

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kinshasa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:305
# text = As the most populous foreign African demographic in Kinshasa, they initially migrated as traders and laborers and, from the 1950s onward, were extensively conscripted to work at the port of CITAS, where they primarily handled and transported colonial commodities such as palm derivatives, copal resin, cotton, and ivory.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	populous	populous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	nsubj	_	_
5	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	demographic	demographic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Kinshasa	Kinshasa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	initially	initially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	migrated	migrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	laborers	laborer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	1950s	1950	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	15	conj	_	_
23	onward	onward	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux:pass	_	_
26	extensively	extensively	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	conscripted	conscript	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	CITAS	CITAS	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	39	advmod	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	primarily	primarily	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	handled	handle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	parataxis	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	transported	transport	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	conj	_	_
42	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	commodities	commodity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
44	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	47	case	_	_
45	as	as	ADP	IN	_	44	fixed	_	_
46	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	derivatives	derivative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	copal	copal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	resin	resin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
52	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **migrate** | past | Kinshasa |  |  |  |  | as traders and laborers and the 1950s; initially, onward *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **conscript** | past · passive | Kinshasa *not said here* | ivory |  |  |  | extensively *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** | to-infinitive | Kinshasa *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the port of CITAS | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at port=Theme |
| 4 | **handle** | past | Kinshasa |  |  |  |  | primarily *property* | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **transport** | past | Kinshasa *not said here* | colonial commodities |  |  |  | such palm derivatives and copal resin and cotton | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus commodity=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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