---
title: However, by the 1990s, inflation and economic deterioration signific… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: However, by the 1990s, inflation and economic deterioration significantly diminished purchasing power. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kinshasa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 373

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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However, by the 1990s, inflation and economic deterioration significantly diminished purchasing power.

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**What happens:** diminish, purchase · **To what, where:** power

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:373
# text = However, by the 1990s, inflation and economic deterioration significantly diminished purchasing power.
1	However	however	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	economic	economic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	deterioration	deterioration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	significantly	significantly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	purchasing	purchase	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | past |  |  |  |  |  | by the 1990s and inflation and economic deterioration; however, significantly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **purchase** | gerund |  | power |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset power=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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