---
title: A 2004 investigation found 70% of inhabitants employed informally, 1… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: A 2004 investigation found 70% of inhabitants employed informally, 17% in the public sector, 9% in the formal private sector, and 3% other, of a total 976,000 workers. Who acts: 2004 investigation. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kinshasa» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 389

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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A 2004 investigation found 70% of inhabitants employed informally, 17% in the public sector, 9% in the formal private sector, and 3% other, of a total 976,000 workers.

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**Who acts:** 2004 investigation · **What happens:** find, employ · **To what, where:** other, inhabitants

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (2004 investigation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:389
# text = A 2004 investigation found 70% of inhabitants employed informally, 17% in the public sector, 9% in the formal private sector, and 3% other, of a total 976,000 workers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	2004	2004	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	compound	_	_
3	investigation	investigation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	70	70	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	sector	sector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	sector	sector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl:unmarked	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
34	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	976,000	976,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	_
36	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a 2004 investigation | other |  |  |  | of a total 976,000 workers | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent %=Topic |
| 2 | **employ** | participle |  | inhabitants *not said here* |  |  |  | informally *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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