---
title: This led to the acclaimed Congotronics album series, which introduce… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics
description: This led to the acclaimed Congotronics album series, which introduced international audiences to bands like Konono Nº1, Kasai Allstars, Staff Benda Bilili, and Mbongwana Star, who performed using handmade instruments and rudimentary amplification. Who acts: This, acclaimed album series, Mbongwana St
---

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# Kinshasa, sentence 483

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From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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This led to the acclaimed Congotronics album series, which introduced international audiences to bands like Konono Nº1, Kasai Allstars, Staff Benda Bilili, and Mbongwana Star, who performed using handmade instruments and rudimentary amplification.

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**Who acts:** This, acclaimed album series, Mbongwana Star · **What happens:** lead, acclaim, introduce, perform, use · **To what, where:** Congotronics, international audiences, handmade instruments

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, acclaimed album series, Mbongwana Star), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:483
# text = This led to the acclaimed Congotronics album series, which introduced international audiences to bands like Konono Nº1, Kasai Allstars, Staff Benda Bilili, and Mbongwana Star, who performed using handmade instruments and rudimentary amplification.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	acclaimed	acclaim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
6	Congotronics	congotronic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	album	album	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	international	international	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	audiences	audience	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bands	band	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Konono	Konono	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	Nº1	Nº1	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	Kasai	Kasai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Allstars	Allstar	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	Staff	Staff	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Benda	Benda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
25	Bilili	Bilili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
28	Mbongwana	Mbongwana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Star	Star	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
32	performed	perform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
33	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	advcl	_	_
34	handmade	handmade	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	rudimentary	rudimentary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	amplification	amplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | This |  |  |  |  | to the acclaimed album series | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to series=Patient |
| 2 | **acclaim** | participle |  | Congotronics |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent congotronic=Theme |
| 3 | **introduce** | past | the acclaimed album series | international audiences |  |  |  | to bands like Konono and Kasai Allstars and Staff Benda | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent audience=Patient to band=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **perform** | past | Mbongwana Star |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **use** | gerund | Mbongwana Star *not said here* | handmade instruments and rudimentary amplification |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instrument=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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