--- title: By 1959, over 40,000 homes had been built following a controlled, se… — Kinshasa · tree and pragmatics description: By 1959, over 40,000 homes had been built following a controlled, segregationist approach, with planning initially led by urban planner Georges Ricquier and later taken over by Maurice Heymans in 1953, while the new city plan preserved European dominance over the historical center (La Gombe), limite --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/92/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Kinshasa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/) / 92 # Kinshasa, sentence 92 From Wikipedia, [«Kinshasa»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinshasa), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too. By 1959, over 40,000 homes had been built following a controlled, segregationist approach, with planning initially led by urban planner Georges Ricquier and later taken over by Maurice Heymans in 1953, while the new city plan preserved European dominance over the historical center (La Gombe), limited expansion to adjacent zones, and promoted industrial development in Limete. **Who acts:** new city plan · **What happens:** build, follow, control, lead, take over, preserve · **To what, where:** 40,000 homes, planning, 1953, European dominance, historical center, industrial development This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kinshasa». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new city plan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = wikipedia:Kinshasa:92 # text = By 1959, over 40,000 homes had been built following a controlled, segregationist approach, with planning initially led by urban planner Georges Ricquier and later taken over by Maurice Heymans in 1953, while the new city plan preserved European dominance over the historical center (La Gombe), limited expansion to adjacent zones, and promoted industrial development in Limete. 1 By by ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 1959 1959 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 over over ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 40,000 40000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 homes home NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 8 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 10 following follow VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 12 controlled control VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 14 segregationist segregationist NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 approach approach NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 planning planning NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 19 initially initially ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 acl _ _ 21 by by ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 urban urban ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 planner planner NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 Georges George PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 appos _ _ 25 Ricquier Ricquier PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 flat _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 28 advmod _ _ 28 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 conj _ _ 29 over over ADP RP _ 28 compound:prt _ _ 30 by by ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 Maurice Maurice PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 32 Heymans Heyman PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 1953 1953 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 36 while while SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 38 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 39 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 plan plan NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 41 preserved preserve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 42 European European ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 dominance dominance NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 44 over over ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 historical historical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 amod _ _ 47 center center NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 48 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 49 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 49 La La PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 appos _ _ 50 Gombe Gombe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 49 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 49 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 52 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 53 limited limited ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 54 amod _ _ 54 expansion expansion NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 conj _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 adjacent adjacent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ _ 57 zones zone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 60 promoted promote VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 conj _ _ 61 industrial industrial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 62 development development NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 obj _ _ 63 in in ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 64 Limete Limete PROPN NNP Number=Sing 60 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 65 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **build** | past · perfect · passive | | 40,000 homes | | | | by 1959; follow a controlled segregationist approach; planning *conj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **follow** | gerund | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **control** | participle | | | | | | | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **lead** | participle | | planning *not said here* | | | | by urban planner; initially *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by planner=Destination | | 5 | **take over** | participle | | | | 1953 | | by Maurice Heymans; late *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **preserve** | past | the new city plan | European dominance | | the historical center and limited expansion to adjacent zones | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dominance=Beneficiary | | 7 | **promote** | past | the new city plan *not said here* | industrial development | | Limete | | | vn promote-102 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kinshasa», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0. - ← previous: [sentence 91](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/91/) - next →: [sentence 93](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/93/) - ↑ back to [Kinshasa](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Kinshasa/)