---
title: Many other loanwords have been adopted (like buun, spoon, moko, smok… — Kiribati · tree and pragmatics
description: Many other loanwords have been adopted (like buun, spoon, moko, smoke, beeki, pig, batoro, bottle) but some typical Gilbertese words are quite common, even for Western objects (like wanikiba, plane – the flying canoe, rebwerebwe, motorbike – for the motor noise, kauniwae, shoes – the cow for the fee
---

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# Kiribati, sentence 368

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From Wikipedia, [«Kiribati»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Many other loanwords have been adopted (like buun, spoon, moko, smoke, beeki, pig, batoro, bottle) but some typical Gilbertese words are quite common, even for Western objects (like wanikiba, plane – the flying canoe, rebwerebwe, motorbike – for the motor noise, kauniwae, shoes – the cow for the feet).

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**Who acts:** typical Gilbertese words · **What happens:** adopt, be, fly · **To what, where:** Many other loanwords

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kiribati». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (typical Gilbertese words), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kiribati:368
# text = Many other loanwords have been adopted (like buun, spoon, moko, smoke, beeki, pig, batoro, bottle) but some typical Gilbertese words are quite common, even for Western objects (like wanikiba, plane – the flying canoe, rebwerebwe, motorbike – for the motor noise, kauniwae, shoes – the cow for the feet).
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	loanwords	loanword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	buun	buun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	spoon	spoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	moko	moko	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	beeki	beeki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	batoro	batoro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
26	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
27	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	Gilbertese	gilbertese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	even	even	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
35	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	_
38	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	like	like	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	wanikiba	wanikiba	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
42	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
43	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	46	amod	_	_
46	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
48	rebwerebwe	rebwerebwe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
50	motorbike	motorbike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
51	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	55	punct	_	_
52	for	for	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	compound	_	_
55	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
57	kauniwae	kauniwae	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	55	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
59	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	appos	_	_
60	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	62	punct	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	conj	_	_
63	for	for	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	65	det	_	_
65	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	62	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	59	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | present · perfect · passive |  | Many other loanwords |  |  |  | buun and spoon and moko and smoke and beeki and pig and batoro and bottle *obj* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme buun=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | some typical Gilbertese words |  |  |  |  | for Western objects and wanikiba and plane and the flying canoe and rebwerebwe and motorbike and the motor noise; common *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kiribati», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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