---
title: The nation has the fifth-largest lignite reserves in the world and t… — Kosovo · tree and pragmatics
description: The nation has the fifth-largest lignite reserves in the world and the third in Europe. as of 2005 the Directorate for Mines and Minerals and the World Bank estimated that Kosovo had €13.5 billion worth of minerals. Who acts: nation, Directorate, Kosovo. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kosovo» with its d
---

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# Kosovo, sentence 464

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From Wikipedia, [«Kosovo»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The nation has the fifth-largest lignite reserves in the world and the third in Europe. as of 2005 the Directorate for Mines and Minerals and the World Bank estimated that Kosovo had €13.5 billion worth of minerals.

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**Who acts:** nation, Directorate, Kosovo · **What happens:** have, estimate · **To what, where:** fifth largest lignite reserves, world, billion worth

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kosovo». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nation, Directorate, Kosovo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kosovo:464
# text = The nation has the fifth-largest lignite reserves in the world and the third in Europe. as of 2005 the Directorate for Mines and Minerals and the World Bank estimated that Kosovo had €13.5 billion worth of minerals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	fifth	fifth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
8	lignite	lignite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	2005	2005	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	32	obl	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Directorate	Directorate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Mines	Mine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Minerals	Mineral	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Bank	Bank	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
32	estimated	estimate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
33	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
34	Kosovo	Kosovo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
35	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	ccomp	_	_
36	€	€	SYM	SYM	Number=Sing	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	13.5	13.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	compound	_	_
38	billion	billion	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	39	nummod	_	_
39	worth	worth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the nation | the fifth largest lignite reserves |  | the world |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reserve=Patient |
| 2 | **estimate** | past | the Directorate for Mines and Minerals and the World Bank |  |  |  |  | as 2005 | vn estimate-34.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Value |
| 3 | **have** | past | Kosovo | billion worth of minerals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worth=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kosovo», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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