---
title: Historically, Kuala Lumpur was a predominantly Chinese city, althoug… — Kuala Lumpur · tree and pragmatics
description: Historically, Kuala Lumpur was a predominantly Chinese city, although more recently the Bumiputera component of the city has grown substantially and they are now the dominant group. Who acts: Kuala, Chinese city, city. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kuala Lumpur» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kuala Lumpur, sentence 214

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From Wikipedia, [«Kuala Lumpur»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Historically, Kuala Lumpur was a predominantly Chinese city, although more recently the Bumiputera component of the city has grown substantially and they are now the dominant group.

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**Who acts:** Kuala, Chinese city, city · **What happens:** be, grow, compose · **To what, where:** Chinese city, dominant group, city

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kuala Lumpur». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kuala, Chinese city, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kuala_Lumpur:214
# text = Historically, Kuala Lumpur was a predominantly Chinese city, although more recently the Bumiputera component of the city has grown substantially and they are now the dominant group.
1	Historically	historically	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Kuala	Kuala	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	Lumpur	Lumpur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	predominantly	predominantly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	Chinese	Chinese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	recently	recently	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Bumiputera	Bumiputera	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	component	component	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
22	substantially	substantially	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
26	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	29	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	dominant	dominant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Kuala | a Chinese city |  |  |  | the Bumiputera component of the city *nmod*; historically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present · perfect | a Chinese city |  |  |  |  | substantially *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | present | city | the dominant group |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **compose** |  |  | the city |  |  |  |  | nom component «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kuala Lumpur», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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