---
title: The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in 1240, the Mon… — Kyiv · tree and pragmatics
description: The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in 1240, the Mongol invasion of Rus', led by Batu Khan, completed the destruction of Kyiv. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Kyiv» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Kyiv, sentence 74

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From Wikipedia, [«Kyiv»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in 1240, the Mongol invasion of Rus', led by Batu Khan, completed the destruction of Kyiv.

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**What happens:** not recover, lead, complete, invade, destroy · **To what, where:** city, attacks, Mongol invasion, destruction, Rus, Kyiv

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Kyiv». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Kyiv:74
# text = The city had not recovered from these attacks when, in 1240, the Mongol invasion of Rus', led by Batu Khan, completed the destruction of Kyiv.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	recovered	recover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1240	1240	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Mongol	Mongol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	invasion	invasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Rus	Rus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	',	',	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Batu	Batu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl:agent	_	_
23	Khan	Khan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	completed	complete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **recover** | past · perfect · passive |  | the city |  | this attacks |  | in 1240; the Mongol invasion of Rus *obl* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from attack=Source |
| 2 | **lead** | participle |  | the Mongol invasion of Rus *not said here* |  |  |  | Batu *obl:agent* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **complete** | past |  | the destruction of Kyiv |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent destruction=Eventuality |
| 4 | **invade** |  |  | Rus |  |  |  |  | nom invasion «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **destroy** |  |  | Kyiv |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Kyiv», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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