---
title: The terminal "s" in Laos was introduced by French colonial administr… — Laos · tree and pragmatics
description: The terminal "s" in Laos was introduced by French colonial administrators in 1893 to pluralise the name across the former kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champasak. Who acts: French colonial administrators. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Laos» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Laos, sentence 17

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From Wikipedia, [«Laos»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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The terminal "s" in Laos was introduced by French colonial administrators in 1893 to pluralise the name across the former kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champasak.

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**Who acts:** French colonial administrators · **What happens:** introduce, pluralise · **To what, where:** terminal, name, former kingdoms

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Laos». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (French colonial administrators), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Laos:17
# text = The terminal "s" in Laos was introduced by French colonial administrators in 1893 to pluralise the name across the former kingdoms of Luang Prabang, Vientiane, and Champasak.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	terminal	terminal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	s	s	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Laos	Laos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	introduced	introduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	administrators	administrator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1893	1893	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	pluralise	pluralise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	across	across	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	Luang	Luang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Prabang	Prabang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Vientiane	Vientiane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	Champasak	Champasak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **introduce** | past · passive | French colonial administrators in 1893 | the terminal in Laos |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **pluralise** | to-infinitive | French colonial administrators in 1893 *not said here* | the name |  | the former kingdoms of Luang Prabang and Vientiane and Champasak |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Laos», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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