---
title: Citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to e… — Laos · tree and pragmatics
description: Citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arrests and torture. Who acts: Citizens. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Laos» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Laos, sentence 183

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From Wikipedia, [«Laos»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arrests and torture.

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**Who acts:** Citizens · **What happens:** criticise, subject, enforce · **To what, where:** government, Citizens

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Laos». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Citizens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Laos:183
# text = Citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arrests and torture.
1	Citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	criticised	criticise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	subjected	subject	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	enforced	enforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	disappearances	disappearance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	arrests	arrest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	torture	torture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | present · perfect | Citizens | the government |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **subject** | present · perfect · passive |  | Citizens |  |  |  | to enforced disappearances and arrests and torture | tree rules |
| 3 | **enforce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Laos», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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