---
title: Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth… — Latvia · tree and pragmatics
description: Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth rates in Europe. Who acts: Latvia, one. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Latvia» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# Latvia, sentence 323

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From Wikipedia, [«Latvia»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvia), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth rates in Europe.

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**Who acts:** Latvia, one · **What happens:** have, rate · **To what, where:** Europe

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Latvia». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Latvia, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Latvia:323
# text = Since the year 2000, Latvia has had one of the highest (GDP) growth rates in Europe.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	2000	2000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	Latvia	Latvia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	nmod	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	GDP	gdp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	rates	rate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · perfect | Latvia |  |  |  | year |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rate** |  | one of the highest |  |  | Europe |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Latvia», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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