---
title: In the 9th century BC, Phoenician colonies, including Carthage in pr… — Lebanon · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 9th century BC, Phoenician colonies, including Carthage in present-day Tunisia and Cádiz in present-day Spain, flourished throughout the Mediterranean. Who acts: Phoenician colonies. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lebanon» with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lebanon/36/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [wikipedia](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/) / [en](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/) / [Lebanon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lebanon/) / 36

# Lebanon, sentence 36

<!-- div src -->

From Wikipedia, [«Lebanon»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the 9th century BC, Phoenician colonies, including Carthage in present-day Tunisia and Cádiz in present-day Spain, flourished throughout the Mediterranean.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Phoenician colonies · **What happens:** flourish · **To what, where:** Mediterranean

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lebanon». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Phoenician colonies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lebanon:36
# text = In the 9th century BC, Phoenician colonies, including Carthage in present-day Tunisia and Cádiz in present-day Spain, flourished throughout the Mediterranean.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	9th	9th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
5	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	including	including	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Carthage	Carthage	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	Tunisia	Tunisia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	Cádiz	Cádiz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
23	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	flourished	flourish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
26	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flourish** | past | Phoenician colonies including Carthage in present day in present day and Cádiz |  |  | the Mediterranean | century |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme throughout mediterranean=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lebanon», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lebanon/35/)
- next →: [sentence 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lebanon/37/)
- ↑ back to [Lebanon](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/wikipedia/en/Lebanon/)