---
title: Scholars of comparative politics, like in Jeffrey Herbst's "War and… — Lesotho · tree and pragmatics
description: Scholars of comparative politics, like in Jeffrey Herbst's "War and the State of Africa", argue that the lack of border disputes for countries like Lesotho and Eswatini has kept the countries weak politically. Who acts: Scholars, Jeffrey Herbst. A sentence of Wikipedia's «Lesotho» with its dependenc
---

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# Lesotho, sentence 107

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From Wikipedia, [«Lesotho»](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesotho), revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). The trees and pragmatics of these pages, Mova's parse of that text, are CC BY-SA 4.0 too.

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Scholars of comparative politics, like in Jeffrey Herbst's "War and the State of Africa", argue that the lack of border disputes for countries like Lesotho and Eswatini has kept the countries weak politically.

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**Who acts:** Scholars, Jeffrey Herbst · **What happens:** argue, keep, war, lack · **To what, where:** lack, border disputes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the English Wikipedia article «Lesotho». The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scholars, Jeffrey Herbst), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. The article's note marks are left out of the parse.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = wikipedia:Lesotho:107
# text = Scholars of comparative politics, like in Jeffrey Herbst's "War and the State of Africa", argue that the lack of border disputes for countries like Lesotho and Eswatini has kept the countries weak politically.
1	Scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	comparative	comparative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	Jeffrey	Jeffrey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Herbst	Herbst	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	War	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	lack	lack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
29	like	like	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Lesotho	Lesotho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	Eswatini	Eswatini	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
33	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
37	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	xcomp	_	_
38	politically	politically	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | Scholars of comparative politics like Jeffrey Herbst's War and the State of Africa |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | present · perfect · passive |  | the lack of border disputes for countries like Lesotho and Eswatini |  |  |  | the countries *obj*; politically, weak *property* | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme country=Attribute |
| 3 | **war** *in a quote* |  | Jeffrey Herbst |  |  |  |  |  | nom war «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **lack** |  |  | border disputes for countries like Lesotho and Eswatini |  |  |  |  | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** the English Wikipedia, «Lesotho», revision of the 2026-09-01 dump, CC BY-SA 4.0. **Tree:** Mova's own parse, CC BY-SA 4.0 as the text is. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the article read in order, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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